七 个 世 界 一 个 星 球
亚洲 地球上七大洲中面积最大的洲 Asia, the largest of all the Earth's continents.
它从赤道一直延伸至北极圈内 It stretches from the equator to beyond the Arctic Circle.
这大陆充满了极致之美 This is a continent of extremes.
这片冰天雪地的气温能跌至零下60摄氏度 Here, temperatures can drop to below minus 60 degrees Celsius.
在陆地上生存几乎是天方夜谭 On land, survival is almost impossible.
但是在夏季的短短数周内 冰雪消融 海岸会彻底改变容颜 But, for a few weeks in summer, the ice melts and the coast is transformed.
这里是地球上规模最大的海象聚居地 其它地区难以匹敌 This is one of the biggest gatherings of mammals to be found anywhere on Earth.
亚 洲
这些是太平洋海象 These are Pacific walrus.
它们一年中大多数时间都在北冰洋觅食 For most of the year, they feed out in the Arctic Ocean,
解说：大卫·爱登堡
憩于海冰之上 emerging to rest on the sea ice.
但全球气候变暖导致海冰大量消融 But now, climate change has melted the ice here,
海象只能到觅食海域附近的 and the only place within reach of their feeding grounds
几处海滩休息 比如这里 where they can rest are a few beaches such as this one.
这里有数十万头 几乎地球上的整个种群都集中在这里 100,000 of them - almost the entire world population - are here.
它们体形庞大 雄性海象的体重超过一吨 They are gigantic. A male can weigh over a tonne.
许多海象会丧生于相互踩踏 And many die in the scrum.
由此向西大约400公里的海滩 还存在其它危险 On a beach 250 miles to the west, there's a further danger.
北极熊 Polar bears.
它们也是海冰减少的受害者 被迫更多时间生活在岸上 They, too, have been forced to spend more time ashore by the dwindling ice.
现在 它们早已饥肠辘辘 And now, they're very hungry.
然而 成年海象身体强壮 全副武装 它们在水中敏捷灵活 But adult walrus are tough, well-armed and agile in water...
有能力重伤北极熊 ..and could fatally injure the bear.
北极熊只得无功而返了 He's failed.
这里的海滩紧挨着悬崖 活动空间狭小 The narrow beaches here are backed by cliffs...
有些海象为了摆脱喧闹 奋力爬上悬崖 ..and some walrus scramble up them, escaping the crowd.
悬崖显得高不可攀 足有80米高 At the top, they are 80 metres above the beach.
习惯海洋生活的海象根本不属于这里 But this is not a place where a walrus should be...
而且爬到崖顶的不只有海象 ..nor are they the only ones to have found it.
北极熊简直如影随形 The bears have got up here too.
海象遇到危险 会本能地想入水寻求庇护 The walrus' instinct is to find safety in the water.
它们能闻到海的气息 They can still smell the sea.
也能听到海浪声 And they can hear it.
北极熊的现身吓得海象们惊荒逃窜 Just the polar bears' presence is enough to spook the walrus.
许多攀上山崖的海象再也没能返回海洋 Many walrus that climb the cliffs never make it back to the ocean.
即使北极熊已经走开 Even once the polar bears have moved on,
当海象们要返回海洋觅食时 一些海象也会误入歧途 the walrus need to return to the sea - and some take the nearest way to do so.
一头海象坠落到礁石上 引发海滩上的相互踩踏导致更多海象丧生 As one crashes on the rocks, those on the beach stampede and more lives are lost.
短短几天内 就有超过200头海象一命呜呼 In the course of just a few days, over 200 walrus die.
现在 北极熊可以坐享其成了 Now the polar bears can feed on the carcasses.
此类事件原本几年才发生一次 These events only occur once every few years.
但随着全球变暖和海冰进一步消融缩减 But as the world warms and the ice retreats still further,
类似惨剧可能更加频繁 they may become more frequent.
在靠近北极的内陆地区 一年中有六个月都是冰天雪地 Inland, the ground is gripped by winter for six months of the year.
俄罗斯北部 大约500万平方公里的土地全都被冰雪覆盖 Two million square miles of northern Russia are locked beneath the ice.
但即便如此 也有动物在这里安家 But even so, some creatures have managed to make their homes here.
雪地上可以见到它们活动的痕迹 They leave evidence of their presence in the snow.
所有足迹都指向一个方向 These tracks all lead in one direction.
勘察加半岛是世界著名的火山区 拥有高密度的活火山 Kamchatka has the highest density of active volcanoes on the planet.
地下温度高达250摄氏度 Temperatures underground reach 250 degrees Celsius,
热能促使泥浆翻腾上涌 周围一片云雾缭绕 pushing up cauldrons of boiling mud and clouds of steam.
尽管这里十分危险 却有一些动物会长途跋涉来到这里 But in spite of the dangers, some creatures travel long distances to visit the area.
它们是勘察加棕熊 A Kamchatka brown bear.
这头雄性棕熊在温暖的地下洞穴里度过了漫长的冬季 He spent the long winter sleeping in a den below ground,
现在早已饿极了 and now he is extremely hungry.
但是想要找到食物 必须冒险靠近滚烫的喷泉 But finding food means getting dangerously close to the scalding fountains.
这是方圆数公里内棕熊能找到的 This is the only place for many miles around
唯一青草萌发的区域 而这要得益于温暖的大地 where a bear can reach grass that is snow-free - thanks to the hot earth.
一步踏错 就可能遭遇致命危险 Putting a foot wrong here could lead to real trouble,
曾有人发现过失足落入水塘 and bodies have been found of bears that stumbled into the pools
并被活活烫死的棕熊 and were scalded to death.
这头棕熊并非孤身一个 And this bear is not alone.
棕熊大多时间喜欢独来独往 Brown bears, by and large, are solitary creatures,
不过一年中也有几段短暂时光 能和同类和平共处 and this is one of the few times of the year when they tolerate the presence of others.
现在 它们吃饱喝足 悠然自得 甚至有时间玩耍 And now, they are so well-fed and relaxed that they even have time to play.
在寒冷的亚洲北部地区 这片火山地区俨然就像温暖的绿洲 This volcanic spot has become a warm oasis in Asia's frigid north.
在远离俄罗斯北极的区域 Away from Arctic Russia,
亚洲拥有最炽热的沙漠 海拔最高的山脉和最高的丛林 Asia has the hottest deserts, highest mountains and tallest jungles on our planet.
这是一个奇丽多样的大陆 This is a continent of incredible variety.
但它在形成初期并非如此 But it was not always so.
大约8900万年前 印度曾是一座独立的岛屿 位于亚洲南部 Some 89 million years ago, India was an island lying away to the south.
可是在它向北漂移过程中 But it drifted northwards,
印度和亚洲大陆之间的沉积物受到挤压抬升 pushing up the sediments between it and mainland Asia.
经过数百万年的挤压 两大陆地之间的沉积物堆积上升 Over millions of years, the sediments lying between
形成了喜马拉雅山脉 crumpled up and rose to form the Himalayas.
如今 喜马拉雅山是世界上最高的山脉 Now, these are the tallest mountains on the planet.
它的海拔高度超过8000米 They stand over five miles high.
目前 印度陆块仍旧在向北移动 推动喜马拉雅山脉继续升高 India is still moving northwards and these mountains are still rising.
亚洲山脉此起彼伏 连绵不绝 从阿富汗 Asia's mountains stretch all the way from Afghanistan,
穿越印度北部 一直延伸到中国的华中地区 across northern India, to here in central China.
这里是神农架 These are the mountains of Shennongjia...
被誉为华中最高峰 ..among China's highest.
这片森林长期不为人知 直到最近才揭开它的神秘面纱 The forests here were, until comparatively recently, the least known in the world.
鲜有外来者清楚神农架的野生动物情况 Few outsiders had any idea of what animals might be living in them.
传说这里曾有一种人形怪兽出没 也就是雪人 There were stories of humanlike monsters - Yetis, Abominable Snowmen -
它们在雪地上留下了奇怪的脚印 who left strange footprints in the snow...
但仅此而已 ..but little else.
事实上 这片白雪覆盖的森林里生活着许多猴子 And indeed, there are monkeys living in these snowy forests -
它们的相貌十分特别 and they're very strange.
来认识一下这种拥有蓝色脸庞 金色毛发 和翘鼻子的猴子 川金丝猴 Meet the blue-faced, gold-coated snub-nosed snow monkey.
它们是一种身强力壮的猴子 They are among the heftiest of monkeys.
成年川金丝猴比幼崽更容易保暖 Big animals keep warm more easily than small ones,
它们是地球上最能适应寒冷的猴子 and they survive in colder conditions than any other monkey on Earth.
它们的鼻子上翘 鼻孔上仰 They all have snub noses.
可能是因为鼻子突出 更容易被冻伤 Perhaps prominent ones would only too easily get frostbitten.
整个川金丝猴群体只要稍有机会 就会抱在一起相互取暖 The whole group huddles together at the slightest opportunity to keep warm.
有谁会拒绝温暖呢 And who wouldn't?
就算是成年川金丝猴 脱离群体后 也有被冻死的危险 Even adults, if they get separated from the group, can freeze to death.
现在正值隆冬时节 要找到食物可谓难上加难 Now, in the depths of winter, food is desperately hard to find.
一家之主带着所有家族成员前往领地边缘 The head of the family leads them to the edge of their territory
寻找食物 in search of something to eat.
茫茫雪地中 食物少得可怜 唯一能找到的就是毫无营养的苔藓和地衣 The only food here is wretchedly unnourishing - bark, moss and lichen.
这些连一只猴子都养活不了 就更别说整个家族了 There's hardly enough to sustain one monkey, let alone a family.
但它们其乐融融地分享着食物 But they share it peaceably.
群体生存的关键在于团结一心 共渡难关 Survival depends on the group keeping together.
在这样的高山之上 任何食物都弥足珍贵 In these mountains, any food is precious.
竞争者不约而至 A rival group?
它们同样也在寻找食物 They, too, are searching for food.
两只雄性展开正面交锋 The two males go head-to-head.
现在 雌性也加入混战 And now the females join the fray.
来犯者寡不敌众 落荒而逃 Outnumbered, the intruders retreat.
它们的首领负责断后 Their leader is the last to go.
两个家族为了一丁点食物大打出手 The fight was over the smallest of meals,
场面相当激烈 导致家族成员们分散各处 but it was ferocious nonetheless, and the family is now scattered.
它们必须重新聚在一起 最小的幼崽早已浑身发抖 But they must stay together. The youngest are already badly chilled.
幼崽的父亲就近在咫尺 但它还有力气回到父亲身边吗 She can see her father, but has she the strength to reach him?
它重新得到了温暖 总算安全了 Back to safety and warmth.
在偏远寒冷 白雪皑皑的森林里 抱团是它们获得温暖的唯一办法 The huddle is the only source of warmth in these bleak, frozen forests.
伊朗位于喜马拉雅山脉的西侧 是地球上温度最高的沙漠之一 To the west of the Himalayas, in Iran, lie some of the hottest deserts on Earth.
这里是卢特沙漠 This is the Lut Desert...
气温可以达到70摄氏度 是地球上最热的地方 ..and here, temperatures can reach 70 degrees Celsius.
伊朗的沙漠地带到处都是炙热的岩石和沙子 The blisteringly hot rocks and baking sands of Iran's deserts
看似死气沉沉 may appear totally lifeless...
但是在峡谷峭壁的阴影中 却有几棵大树傲然耸立 ..but a few trees manage to grow in the shade of the canyon walls.
迁徙的候鸟们在途经这里时 至少可以停下来短暂休息 And here at least, migrating birds passing through can stop for a little rest.
这是一只鹟 运气气好的话 它或许还能在这里找到吃的 A flycatcher. With luck, there might be a meal of some kind here.
崖壁的裂缝中有许多蜘蛛 不太多 但值得一试 There are spiders in the crevices. Not much, but worth having.
而且上方洞口处似乎有动静 And there's something moving up there.
这只鹟失策了 这原来是一条蓄谋已久的毒蛇 The bird was mistaken. It was a viper with a lethal bite.
这种蛛尾拟角蝰蛇是最新发现的物种 This species has only recently been discovered -
到目前为止 它们是伊朗独一无二的物种 and so far, it has been found nowhere else but here.
它的伪装非常有效 与岩石融为一体 很难被发现 Its camouflage is so effective that it's almost impossible to see it on these rocks.
它尾巴上的活动鳞片经历拟态演变 看起来就像是是蜘蛛的腿 And on its tail, movable scales have been modified to look like a spider's legs...
而尾巴尖就像是蜘蛛的腹部 ..and its tip like an abdomen.
迁徙候鸟每年只有短短数周时间会出现在这片荒漠中 Migrating birds only appear in this barren desert during a few weeks of the year.
这是它几个月来唯一能填饱肚子的机会 This is the snake's only chance to eat for months.
一只伯劳鸟 A shrike.
它从非洲远道而来 已经连续数天没有进食了 It has flown here from Africa and hasn't fed for days.
下次运气会好些吧 Better luck next time.
在印度北部的干旱平原上 环境条件几乎同样恶劣 Conditions are almost as harsh on the dry plains of northern India.
一只雄性华丽扇喉蜥使出浑身解数想引起雌性的注意 A male Sarada lizard does his best to get himself noticed.
繁殖季节到了 It's breeding time.
广阔无垠的空地是自我展示的完美舞台 The wide-open spaces are a good place to be seen.
它的身高只有大约7厘米 但是站到岩石上就能变得引人注目 He's only seven centimetres tall, but a rock will help to make him conspicuous.
一只雌性已经注意到了它 And he's already been noticed by one female.
可以开始炫耀表演了 It's time for him to show off.
雄性越健康 越有活力 喉扇的颜色就越鲜艳 The more healthy and virile he is, the brighter his colours are.
雌性都喜欢亮丽抢眼的色彩 And females like bright, flashy colours.
但这只雄性似乎并没有想象中那么有魅力 But he, it seems, is not as conspicuous as he might be.
在相邻的领地 In the neighbouring territory,
另一只雄性找到了更高的舞台 there's another male who's found an even bigger rock.
难怪这只新来者难以博取雌性的青睐 So the newcomer is not making quite such a good impression.
站在巨石上的这只吸引了所有雌性的目光 The one on the big rock is attracting all the females.
新来者需要占据高地 才能赢得雌性的关注 The newcomer will need a higher platform if he's to be seen
它必须采取点行动了 by a female - and he'd better do something about it.
它只能存活一年 He only lives for a year.
这是它唯一的繁殖机会 This is his one chance.
如有必要 它将不惜血战 He will have to fight if necessary.
对手自然不肯主动认输 His rival isn't backing down.
华丽扇喉蜥会死战到底 So now, the males can fight to the death.
新来者大获全胜 The newcomer has won.
现在它可以登上最高的平台 拥有最佳领地了 Now, he can claim the high platform and the best territory.
而雌性必将选择它作为伴侣 And the females will choose him for a partner
只要它能击败其它竞争者 as long as he can fight off the other claimants.
数百万年来 喜马拉雅山日渐升高 As the Himalayas rose over millions of years,
最终形成了一道巨大的山体屏障 they eventually formed a gigantic barrier that prevented
阻止了来自南方的雨云继续向北移动 rain clouds from the south travelling farther north...
亚洲南部由此形成了一套新的天气系统 ..and a completely new weather system developed in southern Asia.
季风 The monsoon.
随着一年一度的雨季来临 南亚彻底改变了容颜 These drenching annual rains transformed southern Asia.
茂密的雨林 迸发出勃勃生机 各种各样的动物 Dense rainforests formed, in which plants and animals of all kinds
茁壮成长 繁衍兴盛 were able to proliferate and evolve.
印度尼西亚的森林里耸立着许多参天古树 Some of the tallest jungles grow in Indonesia,
最大的树栖动物就生活在这里 the home of the largest of all tree-living animals of any kind...
红毛猩猩 ..the orangutan.
热带雨林中食物充足 不过你要谙熟哪里去找它们 There is a multitude of things to eat here, but you have to know where to find them.
红毛猩猩幼崽会跟随妈妈生活数年时间 学习生存本领 Young orangs stay with their mother for years, learning how to do that.
这只幼崽刚开始学习 This youngster has only just started.
白蚁 是重要的蛋白质来源 Termites - an important source of protein.
但或许这种喜好需要后天逐渐养成 But perhaps they are an acquired taste.
它转身寻找自己更喜欢的美味 He's off to search for something he might prefer.
可它对觅食地点一无所知 It's hard to know where to look...
也不知道往哪里爬安全 ..or where it's safe to clamber.
森林里的不同高度生长着各种不同的食物 Different levels in the forest contain different foods,
有些美味无比的食物生长在树冠项部 and some of the most delicious are in the very highest parts
距离地面高达50米 of the canopy, 50 metres above the ground.
它现在两岁大 已经跃跃欲试了 He's a couple of years old and he's already getting adventurous.
它的妈妈爬到树顶只需要大约10分钟 His mother could climb right to the top in ten minutes or so
但它有意四处徘徊 留意幼崽的举动 if she wanted to, but she lingers to keep an eye on him.
一旦失足 很可能会丢掉性命 A fall from this height could be fatal.
树枝间的空隙对幼崽来说太大了 Where the gaps between the branches are too wide for him,
妈妈用身体作它的桥梁 his mother lets him use her body as a bridge.
距离树顶只剩下10米了 Only ten metres to go before the top.
但幼崽要到达那里 难如登天 But it's hard going for small hands.
它已经筋疲力尽 He's had enough.
得休息一下了 Time for a rest...
来妈妈这儿吧 ..with Mother.
它终于获得了回报 成熟的芒果 甜蜜多汁 And this is his reward - ripe mangoes, sweet and juicy.
它要学习的知识还有很多 There's so much he must learn.
这些幼崽要长到了7岁才会离开妈妈 自力更生 He will depend entirely on his mother until he's seven.
这是除人类之外 养育时期最长的动物 It's the longest of all childhoods, except ours.
森林里枝繁叶茂 动物们只要分开 In these dense forests, it's not easy for animals to see one another
很难看到彼此 但是歌声却能在丛林里传播很远 at any distance, but songs carry well through the jungle.
每天清晨 苏门答腊森林里到处回荡着一种独特的叫声 This is the characteristic sound that echoes through the Sumatran forest at every dawn.
这是谁的叫声呢 But what can this be?
这是人类在印度尼西亚森林里听到的最奇怪的声音之一 Of all the sounds in the Indonesian forests, this is one of the strangest to our ears.
它来自一种当地特有的动物 It can be heard nowhere else on Earth.
歌手揭晓了 And this is the singer...
一只苏门答腊犀牛 ..a Sumatran rhinoceros.
与更加广为人知的非洲犀牛相比 它的个头只有它们的五分之一 She's tiny, only a fifth of the size of her more familiar African relatives.
它可以把脑袋稳稳地靠在你的膝盖上 Her head could rest comfortably on your knee.
这只雌性是这座伊甸园里的园丁 She is the gardener of this Eden.
它不仅靠森林维生 还帮忙植树和维护森林 She doesn't just live in it, she helps to create and sustain it.
它食用水果 然后通过粪便四处散播种子 She eats fruits and then sheds the seeds in her droppings,
这样 它喜欢的食物就能遍布森林各处 and so spreads the foods she prefers through the forest.
在茂密的灌木丛中 它通过声音来寻找潜在的伴侣 In this dense tangle, she uses sound to locate a possible mate.
可是它的呼唤始终没有得到回应 But her calls are unanswered.
它生活在围栏内 She is living behind a fence...
这是为了保护它的安全 ..for her own protection.
过去 苏门答腊犀牛的身影遍布南亚各个地方 In the past, Sumatran rhinos were widespread throughout southern Asia.
如今 它们的数量已经不足70头 Today, there are fewer than 70.
现实可能是 在它慢慢走向生命终结的过程中 It may well be that, as she approaches the end of her natural life,
它会成为该种群仅存的生命之一 she will have become one of the last of her species.
因为在过去的40年里 东南亚地区 Because in the last 40 years, one third of the forests
有三分之一的森林遭到严重破坏 of Southeast Asia has been destroyed,
源于森林的木材和物产销往了世界各地 in order to sell timber and food products around the world.
加里曼丹岛和苏门答腊的茂密森林中 生活着红毛猩猩 犀牛 The forests of Borneo and Sumatra - home to the orangutan, rhinos
和成千上万的其它物种 and thousands of other species that have evolved here
它们在这里繁衍生存了数百万年 眼下却面临销声匿迹的危险 over millions of years - are now in real danger of being lost forever.
人们似乎对那些以森林为家的动物并不看重 It seems that the animals whose home this once was
反而更在意它们生活的这片土地 are worth less to us than the land they lived on.
从太空俯瞰 地球上森林遭到破坏的规模显而易见 Viewed from space, the scale of destruction is only too obvious.
100年来 亚洲经历了日新月异的变化 Asia has undergone a faster change in the last 100 years
速度之快 可以说前所未见 than at any other time in its history.
森林遭到大规模砍伐 城市迅速扩张 Its forests are being annihilated. Its cities are expanding.
当亚洲人口接近46亿时 And as the human population approaches 4.6 billion,
它作为世界上面积最大的洲 似乎已无法再为 the largest of all continents is no longer able, it seems,
野生动物们提供生存空间 to allow space for its wildlife.
位于南亚附近的海域也感受到了这种压力 The oceans around southern Asia are also feeling this pressure.
这片海洋为世界各地的数十亿人口提供了食物 These seas feed billions of people around the world.
对当地渔民来说 渔获是他们唯一的生存来源 For many fishermen here, their catch is their only source of livelihood.
有一种鱼更是被他们视若宝物 And there is one fish here that they prize above all others...
它就是鲸鲨 ..the whale shark.
鲸鲨缓缓游弋 不慌不忙地捕食浮游生物 It swims slowly, gently harvesting the plankton.
它的体长将近有20米 是世界上体形最大的鱼 It's almost 20 metres long, the largest fish in the world.
它们如今的处境同样岌岌可危 They are also under threat.
就像其它鲨鱼一样 Like many shark species in Asia,
亚洲的鲸鲨数量近年来已经减少了50％以上 populations have declined by more than half in recent years.
它们容易捕获而且价值不菲 They are an easy and valuable catch.
但是在这里 人们对海洋及其海洋居民敬畏有加 But here, there is a respect for the seas and their inhabitants.
印度尼西亚颁布法令 严禁在周边海域捕猎鲸鲨 Whale shark hunting has now been banned across Indonesia's waters.
鲸鲨在渔民的生活中开始扮演截然不同的角色 This whale shark plays a different part in the lives of these fishermen.
渔民给鲸鲨喂食 它们之间的独特关系给双方都带来了快乐 They feed him and the relationship seems to bring joy to both parties.
这种新的保护方式创造了非凡的奇迹 And with this new protection has come something truly remarkable.
许多鲸鲨远道而来 寻觅这些喂食的渔民 Whale sharks from far away are seeking out these fishermen.
而且这片水域严禁捕猎鲸鲨 它们的种群数量很可能会得到恢复 And in these safe waters, there is a chance for their numbers to increase.
也许有一天 其它种类的鲨鱼也能得到保护 And maybe one day, other shark species will be protected, too.
当地人做出了简单却非同寻常的决定 The people here have made a simple but extraordinary choice -
新的捕鱼方式 能确保渔业和海洋动物都能可持续性发展 fishing in a way that is sustainable for themselves and the animals.
毫无疑问 关爱野生动物是我们共同的责任 Caring for wildlife is surely our shared responsibility.
在诺大的亚洲乃至世界各地 Across this vast continent, and across the world,
我们正应做出这样果敢 负责的决定 it is decisions like these that are key
才能保护地球生物的珍贵多样性 to protecting the planet's most precious diversity.
下集预告 一个新奇的大地 Next time, a land of the unexpected.
地球上最富饶 物种最多样的大洲 The richest and most diverse continent on Earth...
南美洲 ..South America.